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Visual number sense of 6 - 8 years old pupils
Fischerová, Terezie ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the visual perception of pupils from 6 to 8 years of age, especially examines the strategies used in solving problems on visual perception. Its aim is to analyze the visual perception of students from 6 to 8 years. It consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part formulates and explains the basic concepts related to the visual perception of calculus in small sets, presents an analysis of visual perception problems in three series of textbooks for the first grade and outlines the basic strategies for solving visual perception problems. The theoretical part thus sufficiently prepares the reader to understand the practical part, which is crucial for the diploma thesis. The practical part concerns an experiment containing a series of tasks on visual perception. It describes the conditions and implementation of the experiment with a group of 19 pupils and 8 preschoolers from three primary schools in Prague. Other than that there is a description of the results and formulation of the conclusions of the experiment. The experiment finds out how students perceive small sets and whether they use set configurations as on dice, or whether these configurations can help them determine the number of objects in the set. The experiment in the practical part aims to...
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Building of Arithmetical Triads in Two Mathematical-didactical Environments: Neighbours and Coloured Triples
Otradovcová, Dana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee)
The thesis attends to the mathematical charts constructing of additive triad of pupils on 1st grade of the primary school by means of two mathematical - didactic settings "The Neighbours" and "The Coloured Trio". They occure in mathematical textbooks created by prof. RNDr. Milan Hejný, CSc., RNDr. Darina Jirotková, Ph.D., PhDr. Jana Slezáková, Ph.D. and their colleagues and which are published by Fraus. In my thesis I shall attend to the theoretical pieces of knowledge in the given mathematical area as well as to the reasons for the creation of the new mathematical teaching concept after the czech educational reform. Mathematical tasks from the two appointed settings will be handed in to the pupils to be solved. The pupils will encounter such tasks for the first time. It shall be observed how they are able to cope with the given tasks and if they will be able to infiltrate the problem of the tasks or to invent their own tasks. Further on the thesis shall attend to the means of solutions of similar tasks by the students of The Pedagogical Faculty of the Univerzita Karlova and to the analysis of their comments on the tasks.
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The idea of additive triad in primary school
Mottlová, Karolína ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
This thesis is focused on the idea of an additive triad in the 1st year of elementary school. Specifically, it addresses the problems of additive operations, their reading and writing, the commutative law, and the transition to an inverse additive operation. The objectives of the diploma thesis are two: - to find and to characterize the cognitive phenomena that occur in solving the tasks of addition and subtraction of small natural numbers, thus contributing to mapping the area of the pupil mental scheme of the additive triad. - to describe my own development in the field of research and experimentation. The content of the theoretical part is the research of professional literature, the commentary on the tasks in textbooks for the 1st year of three publishing houses and the description of the new didactic environment in Hejný's Method - Abaku. The practical part is devoted to the recording and description of cognitive phenomena, which appear in solving problems focused on additive operations in the work of pupils from the first years of three different elementary schools, and to a description of my mistakes that occurred during experimentation. The result of this diploma thesis are denominated and commented cognitive phenomena, which appeared in the solving strategies when solving the problems of...
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Building of Arithmetical Triads in Two Mathematical-didactical Environments: Neighbours and Coloured Triples
Otradovcová, Dana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee)
The thesis attends to the mathematical charts constructing of additive triad of pupils on 1st grade of the primary school by means of two mathematical - didactic settings "The Neighbours" and "The Coloured Trio". They occure in mathematical textbooks created by prof. RNDr. Milan Hejný, CSc., RNDr. Darina Jirotková, Ph.D., PhDr. Jana Slezáková, Ph.D. and their colleagues and which are published by Fraus. In my thesis I shall attend to the theoretical pieces of knowledge in the given mathematical area as well as to the reasons for the creation of the new mathematical teaching concept after the czech educational reform. Mathematical tasks from the two appointed settings will be handed in to the pupils to be solved. The pupils will encounter such tasks for the first time. It shall be observed how they are able to cope with the given tasks and if they will be able to infiltrate the problem of the tasks or to invent their own tasks. Further on the thesis shall attend to the means of solutions of similar tasks by the students of The Pedagogical Faculty of the Univerzita Karlova and to the analysis of their comments on the tasks.
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